Kidney Stones Disease Pathophysiology. This article will use a case study to focus on a patient diagnosed with a calcium oxalate kidney stone. The increased prevalence of kidney stone disease is pandemic the lifetime risk of kidney stones is currently at 6 12 in the general u s.
Kidney stones affect approximately one in 11 individuals in their lifetimes and their prevalence is increasing some may develop chronic kidney disease and some end stage renal disease. Here i provide a brief general background and focus mainly on pathophysiology and medical treatment of kidney stones. It has been associated with an increased risk of end stage renal failure.
Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream.
Stones can be calcium stones when a patient is hypercalcemic struvite stones which form from magnesium ammonium phosphate or uric acid stones. 50 will have a recurrence within 5 10 years and 75 within 20 years. Epidemiology kidney stone disease typically presents between the ages of 20 and 60 and is more prevalent in hot climates. It has been associated with an increased risk of end stage renal failure.